Colonización Acuática: Expansión de la tilapia en el río Churute

Abd El-Hack, M. E., El-Saadony, M. T., Nader, M. M., Salem, H. M., El-Tahan, A. M., Soliman, S. M., & Khafaga, A. F. (2022). Effect of environmental factors on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). International journal of biometeorology, 66(11), 2183-2194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02347-6

Abd Hamid, M., Sah, A. S. R. M., Idris, I., Nor, S. A. M., & Mansor, M. (2023). Impacts of tilapia aquaculture on native fish diversity at an ecologically important reservoir. PeerJ, 11, e15986. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15986

Aguirre, W. E., Alvarez‐Mieles, G., Anaguano‐Yancha, F., Burgos Morán, R., Cucalón, R. V., Escobar‐Camacho, D., ... & Zárate Hugo, E. (2021). Conservation threats and future prospects for the freshwater fishes of Ecuador: A hotspot of Neotropical fish diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 99(4), 1158-1189. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14844

Akram, H., Hussain, S., Mazumdar, P., Chua, K. O., Butt, T. E., & Harikrishna, J. A. (2023). Mangrove health: A review of functions, threats, and challenges associated with mangrove management practices. Forests, 14(9), 1698. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14091698

Albert, J. S., Petry, P., & Reis, R. E. (2011). Major biogeographic and phylogenetic patterns. Historical biogeography of Neotropical freshwater fishes, 1, 3-20. https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520268685.001.0001

Albert, J. S., Tagliacollo, V. A., & Dagosta, F. (2020). Diversification of Neotropical freshwater fishes. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 51(1), 27-53. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011620-031032

Alexiades, A. V., & Encalada, A. C. (2017). Distribution and habitat suitability of andean climbing catfish in the Napo River basin, Ecuador. Tropical Conservation Science, 10, 1940082917709598. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940082917709598

Almeida, D. B., da Costa, M. A. P., Bassini, L. N., Calabuig, C. I. P., Moreira, C. G. A., Rodrigues, M. D. N., ... & Moreira, H. L. M. (2013). Reproductive performance in female strains of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture International, 21, 1291-1300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-013-9630-0

Almond, R. E., Grooten, M., & Peterson, T. (2020). Living Planet Report 2020-Bending the curve of biodiversity loss. World Wildlife Fund.

Araque Arellano, M. (Coord.), Vásconez, M., Mancheno, A., Álvarez, C., Prehn, C., Cevallos, C., & Ortiz, L. (2019). Cuencas hidrográficas. Universidad Politécnica Salesiana.

Arboleda Luzón, E. B. ., Cervantes Alava, A. R. ., Prado Carpio, E. ., & Garzón Montealegre, V. J. . . (2021). Gestión de agronegocios de la tilapia roja (Oreochromis Spp. O) y su comercialización. Revista Metropolitana De Ciencias Aplicadas, 4(2), 58-67. https://doi.org/10.62452/2283kc03

Ashouri, G., Hoseinifar, S. H., El-Haroun, E., Imperatore, R., & Paolucci, M. (2023). Tilapia fish for future sustainable aquaculture. In Novel approaches toward sustainable tilapia aquaculture (pp. 1-47). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38321-2_1

Azevedo-Santos, V. M., Arcifa, M. S., Brito, M. F., Agostinho, A. A., Hughes, R. M., Vitule, J. R., ... & Pelicice, F. M. (2021). Negative impacts of mining on Neotropical freshwater fishes. Neotropical Ichthyology, 19, e210001. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0001

Babiker, M., & Ibrahim, H. (1979). Studies on the biology of reproduction in the cichlid Tilapia nilotica (L.): gonadal maturation and fecundity. Journal of Fish biology, 14(5), 437-448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1979.tb03541.x

Baldisserotto, B., Urbinati, E. C., & Cyrino, J. E. P. (Eds.). (2019). Biology and physiology of freshwater neotropical fish. Academic Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/C2017-0-03766-7

Barneche, D. R., & Allen, A. P. (2018). The energetics of fish growth and how it constrains food‐web trophic structure. Ecology letters, 21(6), 836-844. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12947

Barriga, R. (2012). Lista de peces de agua dulce e intermareales del Ecuador. Revista Politécnica, 30(3), 83–119. }

Begum, A., Mondal, S., Ferdous, Z., Zafar, M. A., & Ali, M. M. (2014). Impact of water quality parameters on monosex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production under pond condition. Int J Anim Fish Sci, 2(1), 14-21.

Benavides López, C. F. (2021). Evaluación de la diversidad ictiológica del lago Yahuarcocha, provincia de Imbabura [Tesis de pregrado, Universidad Técnica del Norte]. Recuperado de https://repositorio.utn.edu.ec/handle/123456789/11753

Bernatchez, L. (2016). On the maintenance of genetic variation and adaptation to environmental change: considerations from population genomics in fishes. Journal of fish biology, 89(6), 2519-2556. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13145

Bernery, C., Bellard, C., Courchamp, F., Brosse, S., Gozlan, R. E., Jarić, I., ... & Leroy, B. (2022). Freshwater fish invasions: A comprehensive review. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 53(1), 427-456. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-032522-015551

Bezerra, L. A. V., Ribeiro, V. M., Freitas, M. O., Kaufman, L., Padial, A. A., & Vitule, J. R. S. (2019). Benthification, biotic homogenization behind the trophic downgrading in altered ecosystems. Ecosphere, 10(6), e02757.

Borrell, S. (2024, septiembre 19). Tilapia reproduction to hatching. Veterinaria Digital. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781800621640.0007

Brysiewicz, A., Czerniejewski, P., & Sieczko, L. (2023). How do different types of river maintenance works affect the ichthyofauna of small European watercourses?. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering, 30(4), 617-633.

Bueno, O. (2017). Empiricism. In The routledge handbook of scientific realism (pp. 96-107). Routledge.

Canonico, G. C., Arthington, A., McCrary, J. K., & Thieme, M. L. (2005). The effects of introduced tilapias on native biodiversity. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 15(5), 463-483. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.699

Cassemiro, F. A., Bailly, D., da Graça, W. J., & Agostinho, A. A. (2018). The invasive potential of tilapias (Osteichthyes, Cichlidae) in the Americas. Hydrobiologia, 817, 133-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3471-1

Celi, J. E., & Villamarín, F. (2020). Freshwater ecosystems of Mainland Ecuador: diversity, issues and perspectives. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 32, e106. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X3220

Chaianunporn, T., Panthum, T., Singchat, W., Chaianunporn, K., Suksavate, W., Chaiyes, A., ... & Srikulnath, K. (2024). Sustainable Ecosystem Management Strategies for Tackling the Invasion of Blackchin Tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) in Thailand: Guidelines and Considerations. Animals, 14(22), 3292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14223292

Champneys, T., Genner, M. J., & Ioannou, C. C. (2021). Invasive Nile tilapia dominates a threatened indigenous tilapia in competition over shelter. Hydrobiologia, 848(16), 3747-3762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04341-8

Chua, K. W., Tan, H. H., & Yeo, D. C. (2019). Loss of endemic fish species drives impacts on functional richness, redundancy and vulnerability in freshwater ecoregions of Sundaland. Biological Conservation, 234, 72-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.03.019

Contreras, P. R., Murillo, M. L., Cueva, M. B. R., Bueno, J. M. A., Erazo, S. G. B., & Ramírez, J. P. C. (2021). Análisis económico financiero y de sensibilidad de la producción de tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) En la región Amazónica Ecuatoriana. Journal of Science and Research, 6(3), 205-225. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5659550

Costa Novaes, J. L., & Carvalho, E. D. (2012). Reproduction, food dynamics and exploitation level of Oreochromis niloticus (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from artisanal fisheries in Barra Bonita Reservoir, Brazil. Revista de biologia tropical, 60(2), 721-734.

Coulter, D. P., Feiner, Z. S., Coulter, A. A., & Diebel, M. W. (2022). Using individual‐based models to develop invasive species risk assessments by predicting species habitat suitability. Journal of Applied Ecology, 59(12), 3083-3097. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14304

Craven, D., Eisenhauer, N., Pearse, W. D., Hautier, Y., Isbell, F., Roscher, C., ... & Manning, P. (2018). Multiple facets of biodiversity drive the diversity–stability relationship. Nature ecology & evolution, 2(10), 1579-1587. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0647-7

Cunha, E. R., Winemiller, K. O., da Silva, J. C., Lopes, T. M., Gomes, L. C., Thomaz, S. M., & Agostinho, A. A. (2019). α and β diversity of fishes in relation to a gradient of habitat structural complexity supports the role of environmental filtering in community assembly. Aquatic Sciences, 81(2), 38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-019-0634-3

Merino, M. A. O., Conforme, M. V. M., Véliz, J. J. J., & Conforme, M. C. M. (2018). Factores ecológicos y su incidencia en los ecosistemas del chame (dormitator latifrons) en la Segua de Canuto cantón Chone-Ecuador. Ciencia digital, 2(2), 255-276. https://doi.org/10.33262/cienciadigital.v2i2.92

de Alba, G., Mourad, N. M. N., Paredes, J. F., Sánchez-Vázquez, F. J., & López-Olmeda, J. F. (2019). Daily rhythms in the reproductive axis of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Plasma steroids and gene expression in brain, pituitary, gonad and egg. Aquaculture, 507, 313-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.04.047

de Alba, G., Sánchez-Vázquez, F. J., & López-Olmeda, J. F. (2021). Sex Determination and Differentiation of Tilapia. In Biology and Aquaculture of Tilapia (pp. 137-156). CRC Press.

Diana, J. S., Szyper, J. P., Batterson, T. R., Boyd, C. E., & Piedrahita, R. H. (2017). Water quality in ponds. Dynamics of pond aquaculture, 53-71.

Donaldson, L. A., & Cooke, S. J. (2016). The effectiveness of non-native fish eradication techniques in freshwater ecosystems: a systematic review protocol. Environmental Evidence, 5(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-016-0063-x

Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N., & van der Laan, R. (eds.). 2025. Catálogo de Peces de Eschmeyer: Géneros, Especies, Referencias. Versión electrónica. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp

El Universo. (2012, julio 14). Operativo contra camaronera liberó tilapias y afectó un río. https://www.eluniverso.com/2012/07/14/1/1447/operativo-contra-camaronera-libero-tilapias-afecto-un-

El-Leithy, A. A., Hemeda, S. A., El Naby, W. S. A., El Nahas, A. F., Hassan, S. A., Awad, S. T., ... & Helmy, Z. A. (2019). Optimum salinity for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth and mRNA transcripts of ion-regulation, inflammatory, stress-and immune-related genes. Fish physiology and biochemistry, 45, 1217-1232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-019-00640-7

Elmqvist, T., Folke, C., Nyström, M., Peterson, G., Bengtsson, J., Walker, B., & Norberg, J. (2003). Response diversity, ecosystem change, and resilience. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 1(9), 488-494. https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0488:RDECAR]2.0.CO;2

El-Sayed, A. F. M. (2019). Tilapia culture. Academic press.

El‐Sayed, A. F. M., & Fitzsimmons, K. (2023). From Africa to the world—The journey of Nile tilapia. Reviews in Aquaculture, 15, 6-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12738

Erazo, B., Bourrel, L., Frappart, F., Chimborazo, O., Labat, D., Dominguez-Granda, L., ... & Mejia, R. (2018). Validation of satellite estimates (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, TRMM) for rainfall variability over the Pacific slope and Coast of Ecuador. Water, 10(2), 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020213

Escobar Camacho, D., Barragán, K. S., Guayasamin, J. M., Gavilanes, G., & Encalada, A. C. (2024). New records of native and introduced fish species in a river basin of Western Ecuador, the Chocó-Darien Ecoregion, using DNA barcoding. Plos one, 19(3), e0298970. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298970

FAO. 2009. Oreochromis niloticus. In Cultured aquatic species fact sheets. Text by Rakocy, J. E. Edited and compiled by Valerio Crespi and Michael New. CD-ROM (multilingual).

Fitzsimmons, K. (2024). Prospect and potential for global production. In Tilapia (pp. 51-72). CRC Press.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2018). Tilapia Lake Virus Expert Knowledge Elicitation (EKE) Risk Assessment [Animal Health Risk Analysis Assessment No. 7]. FAO.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (s. f.). National Aquaculture Sector Overview – Ecuador. Recuperado de FAO sitio web: FAO

Forneck, SC, Dutra, FM, de Camargo, MP, Vitule, JRS y Cunico, AM (2021). Las instalaciones acuícolas impulsan la introducción y el establecimiento de poblaciones no nativas de Oreochromis niloticus en arroyos neotropicales. Hydrobiologia , 848 (9), 1955-1966. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04430-8

Gonzalez-Martinez, A., De-Pablos-Heredero, C., González, M., Rodriguez, J., Barba, C., & García, A. (2021). Usefulness of discriminant analysis in the morphometric differentiation of six native freshwater species from Ecuador. Animals, 11(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010111

Grizzetti, B., & Poikane, S. (2024). The Importance of Inland Waters. In Wetzel's Limnology (pp. 7-13). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822701-5.00002-1

Guerrero Alvarado, L. P. (2025). Caracterización de contaminación por microplásticos en peces según su ecología en la Reserva de Producción de Fauna Manglares El Salado (Proyecto integrador VIDA-382, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida). Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL).

Haley, A. L., Lemieux, T. A., Piczak, M. L., Karau, S., D’Addario, A., Irvine, R. L., ... & Cooke, S. J. (2023). On the effectiveness of public awareness campaigns for the management of invasive species. Environmental Conservation, 50(4), 202-211. https://doi.org/10.1017/S037689292300019X

Halpern, B. S., & Floeter, S. R. (2008). Functional diversity responses to changing species richness in reef fish communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 364, 147-156. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07553

Hernández-Delgado, E. A. (2024). Coastal restoration challenges and strategies for small island developing states in the face of sea level rise and climate change. Coasts, 4(2), 235-286. https://doi.org/10.3390/coasts4020014

Hong, P., Schmid, B., De Laender, F., Eisenhauer, N., Zhang, X., Chen, H., ... & Wang, S. (2022). Biodiversity promotes ecosystem functioning despite environmental change. Ecology letters, 25(2), 555-569. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13936

Instituto del Agua. (2023). Mapa Hidrológico del Ecuador: Guía completa de la hidrología del país andino. institutodelagua.es/hidrologia/mapa-hidrologico-del-ecuadorhidrologia/

Irfan, S., & Alatawi, A. M. M. (2019). Aquatic ecosystem and biodiversity: a review. Open Journal of Ecology, 9(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2019.91001

Jácome, J., Quezada Abad, C., Sánchez Romero, O., Pérez, J. E., & Nirchio, M. (2019). Tilapia en Ecuador: paradoja entre la producción acuícola y la protección de la biodiversidad ecuatoriana. Revista peruana de biología, 26(4), 543-550. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v26i4.16343

Jácome-Gómez, J., Parra, R., Andrade de Pasquier, G., Jácome-Gómez, L., De la Cruz-Chicaiza, M., Zambrano-Mendoza, M., ... & Macay-Anchundia, M. (2023). Diversidad, abundancia y dominancia de las especies ícticas en el río Churute, Ecuador. Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria, 33(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.52973/rcfcv-e33228

Jimenez-Prado, P., & Arguello, P. (2016). Pseudochalceus lineatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T66598039A66639417. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T46862A66234973.en

Jiménez-Prado, P., & Vásquez, F. (2021). Cambios en diversidad y distribución de peces nativos por la presencia de dos especies invasoras en el río Atacames, noroccidente del Ecuador. Acta Biológica Colombiana, 26(1), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.15446/abc.v26n1.81888

Jiménez-Prado, P., W. Aguirre, E. Laaz-Moncayo, R. Navarrete-Amaya, F. Nugra-Salazar, E. Rebolledo-Monsalve, E. Zárate-Hugo, A. Torres-Noboa y J. Valdiviezo-Rivera. (2015). Guía de peces para aguas continentales en la vertiente occidental del Ecuador. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Esmeraldas (PUCESE); Universidad del Azuay (UDA) y Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales (MECN) del Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad. Esmeraldas, Ecuador.

Jones, P. E., Tummers, J. S., Galib, S. M., Woodford, D. J., Hume, J. B., Silva, L. G., ... & Lucas, M. C. (2021). The use of barriers to limit the spread of aquatic invasive animal species: A global review. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9, 611631. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.611631

Ju, R. T., Li, X., Jiang, J. J., Wu, J., Liu, J., Strong, D. R., & Li, B. (2020). Emerging risks of non‐native species escapes from aquaculture: call for policy improvements in China and other developing countries. Journal of Applied Ecology, 57(1), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13521

Kwikiriza, G., Muthoka, M., Omara, T., Abaho, I., Tibihika, P. D., Curto, M., ... & Meimberg, H. (2025). Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) Cage Aquaculture in Africa: Potential Threats to Congeneric Fish Species and Advances to Detect Escapes. Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries, 5(4), e70090. https://doi.org/10.1002/aff2.70090

Li, M., Sun, L., Zhou, L., & Wang, D. (2024). Tilapia, a good model for studying reproductive endocrinology. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 345, 114395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114395

López, C., Steinitz‐Kannan, M., Domínguez‐Granda, L., Soto, L. M., Gomes‐Barbosa, L., Karpowicz, M., ... & Marrone, F. (2021). Loss of a freshwater copepod species from El Junco Lake, Galápagos following the introduction and eradication of the Nile tilapia. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 31(12), 3651-3656. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3718

López-López, E., & Sedeño-Díaz, J. E. (2015). Biological indicators of water quality: The role of fish and macroinvertebrates as indicators of water quality. Environmental indicators, 643-661. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9499-2_37

Lucifora, L. O., Scarabotti, P. A., & Barbini, S. A. (2022). Predicting and contextualizing sensitivity to overfishing in Neotropical freshwater stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 32(2), 669-686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-021-09696-2

Manoel, P. S., & Uieda, V. S. (2018). Effect of the riparian vegetation removal on the trophic network of Neotropical stream fish assemblage. Revista Ambiente & Água, 13(1), e2088. https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2088

Matovelle, C., & Heras, D. (2020). Análisis comparativo de las características morfométricas de sistemas hidrográficos de la vertiente del Pacífico, Ecuador. Investigación y Ciencia, 28(80), 22-31.

Mekonnen, E., Berihanu, G., & Yitayew, T. (2018). Length-weight relationships, sex ratios and size at first maturity of fishes of Lake Ardibo, South Wollo, Ethiopia. Abyssinia Journal of Science and Technology, 3(1), 13-19.

Mercado-Silva, N., Ornelas-García, C. P., Gidmark, N. J., Simons, A. M., Schmitter-Soto, J. J., & Burr, B. M. (2020). Characidae: Characins. Diversity of North American freshwater fishes: Natural History, Ecology & Conservation, 1-22.

Mikkola, H. (2024). Aquaculture and Fisheries as a Food Source in the Amazon Region—A Review. Food & Nutrition Journal, 9(286), 1-26. https://www.doi.org/ 10.29011/2575-7091.100186

Milardi, M., Iemma, A., Waite, I. R., Gavioli, A., Soana, E., & Castaldelli, G. (2022). Natural and anthropogenic factors drive large-scale freshwater fish invasions. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 10465. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14556-5

Mojica, P. I., Prado, P. J., & william González-Daza. (2020). Peces de la cuenca del río Mira: Pacífico colombo-ecuatoriano. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Facultad de Ciencias.

Monroe, T. G. R., Cantanhêde, S. P. D., Sousa, N. S. M., Monroe, N. B., Piorski, N. M., & Tchaicka, L. (2023). Inventory reveals non-native species and variation in spatial-temporal dynamics of fish community in a Brazilian protected area. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 83, e274232. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.274232

Mora, R. N. R. (2017). Análisis de su introducción al Ecuador, efectos en la alimentación local y su importancia gastronómica (Tesis de pregrado, UNIVERSIDAD SAN FRANCISCO DE QUITO).

Morán, R. E. B., & Cantos, C. A. (2023). Caracterización de la piscicultura amazónica ecuatoriana, un panorama de su desarrollo y perspectivas. AquaTechnica: Revista Iberoamericana de Acuicultura, 5(3), 1. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10443502

MOYLE, P. B., & LEIDY, R. A. (2023). Freshwater Fishes: Threatened Species. The Living Planet: The State of the World's Wildlife, 177.

Muñoz, Á. G., Macías, S., & García, M. B. (2010). Informe final de caracterización hidrológica. Proyecto INAMHI MAE SCN PRAA PACC.

Nagel, B., & Partelow, S. (2022). A methodological guide for applying the social-ecological system (SES) framework: a review of quantitative approaches. Ecology and Society, 27(4), 39. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-13493-270439

Nagelkerken, I. (2009). Ecological connectivity among tropical coastal ecosystems (Vol. 615). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2406-0_10

Navarrete Amaya, R., Shervette, V. R., Vélez, D., & Aguirre, W. E. (2021). Patrones biogeográficos y taxonómicos de los peces de la vertiente occidental del Ecuador. Biodiversidad de Peces en el Ecuador. P. Jiménez-Prado and J. Valdiviezo-Rivera (eds.). Serie Especial de Ictiologıa Ecuatoriana I. Red Ecuatoriana de Ictiologıa, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Esmeraldas, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, 22-55.

O’Mara, K., Venarsky, M., Marshall, J., & Stewart-Koster, B. (2024). Diet-habitat ecology of invasive tilapia and native fish in a tropical river catchment following a tilapia invasion. Biological Invasions, 26(2), 489-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03185-2

Oswalt, S., Oswalt, C., Crall, A., Rabaglia, R., Schwartz, M. K., & Kerns, B. K. (2021). Inventory and monitoring of invasive species. Invasive species in forests and rangelands of the United States, 231. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_10

Parfenyuk, I. O., Grokhovskaya, Y. R., & Mandygra, Y. M. (2019). Analysis of water quality of a reservoir on a small river and the status of ichthyofauna in anthropogenic conditions. Ukrainian journal of veterinary and agricultural sciences, 2(3), 28-31. https://doi.org/10.32718/ujvas2-3.07

Pelicice, F. M., Agostinho, A. A., Azevedo-Santos, V. M., Bessa, E., Casatti, L., Garrone-Neto, D., ... & Zuanon, J. (2023). Ecosystem services generated by Neotropical freshwater fishes. Hydrobiologia, 850(12), 2903-2926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-04986-7

Perrin, S. W., Bærum, K. M., Helland, I. P., & Finstad, A. G. (2021). Forecasting the future establishment of invasive alien freshwater fish species. Journal of Applied Ecology, 58(11), 2404-2414. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13993

Pinna, M., Zangaro, F., Saccomanno, B., Scalone, C., Bozzeda, F., Fanini, L., & Specchia, V. (2023). An overview of ecological indicators of fish to evaluate the anthropogenic pressures in aquatic ecosystems: from traditional to innovative DNA-based approaches. Water, 15(5), 949. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15050949

Prabu, E., Rajagopalsamy, C. B. T., Ahilan, B., Jeevagan, I. J. M. A., & Renuhadevi, M. J. A. R. (2019). Tilapia–an excellent candidate species for world aquaculture: a review. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 31(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/2019/v31i330052

Prado, P. J. J., Vásquez, F., Rodríguez-Olarte, D., & Taphorn, D. (2020). Efectos de la especie invasora (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) sobre Pseudopoecilia fria en ríos costeros de la región del Chocó, Ecuador. Revista de Biología Tropical, 68(1), 122-138. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v68i1.36000

Rao, W., Ning, J., Zhong, P., Jeppesen, E., & Liu, Z. (2015). Size-dependent feeding of omnivorous Nile tilapia in a macrophyte-dominated lake: implications for lake management. Hydrobiologia, 749, 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2155-3

Rasoamihaingo, L. A., Razafindrajao, F., Andriambelo, H., de Roland, L. A. R., & Bamford, A. J. (2023). Effects of turbidity and introduced tilapia (Oreochromis spp) on macrophytes and invertebrates in a shallow tropical lake. Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, (424), 2. https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2022025

Reid, A. J., Carlson, A. K., Creed, I. F., Eliason, E. J., Gell, P. A., Johnson, P. T., ... & Cooke, S. J. (2019). Emerging threats and persistent conservation challenges for freshwater biodiversity. Biological reviews, 94(3), 849-873. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12480

Reis, R. E., Albert, J. S., Di Dario, F., Mincarone, M. M., Petry, P., & Rocha, L. A. (2016). Fish biodiversity and conservation in South America. Journal of fish biology, 89(1), 12-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13016

Rice, M. A. (2021). Intensive fishing effort and market controls as management tools for invasive aquatic species: A review. Asian Fisheries Science, 34(4), 383-392. https://doi.org/10.33997/j.afs.2021.34.4.011

Rico-Sánchez, A. E., Sundermann, A., López-López, E., Torres-Olvera, M. J., Mueller, S. A., & Haubrock, P. J. (2020). Biological diversity in protected areas: Not yet known but already threatened. Global Ecology and Conservation, 22, e01006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01006

Ríos, N., Pardo, B. G., Fernández, C., Alvarez‐Dios, J. A., Martínez, P., Bouza, C., & García, G. (2025). Transcriptomic divergence and associated markers between genomic lineages of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Ecology and Evolution, 15(3), e71021. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71021

Rizzato, P. P., & Almeida, M. A. (2025). An overview of some of the main features of the external anatomy of catfishes. Catfishes, a Highly Diversified Group, 21-49.

Rodríguez-Echeverry, J., & Leiton, M. (2021). Pérdida y fragmentación de ecosistemas boscosos nativos y su influencia en la diversidad de hábitats en el hotspot Andes tropicales. Revista mexicana de biodiversidad, 92. https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2021.92.3449

Román-Valencia, C., Ruiz, R. I., & Barriga, R. (2005). Una nueva especie ecuatoriana del género de peces andinos Grundulus (Characiformes: Characidae). Revista de Biología Tropical, 53(3-4), 537-544.

Römer, U., & Hahn, I. (2013). Apistogramma aguarico sp. n.: A new species of geophagine cichlid fish (Teleostei: Perciformes) from the Ecuadorian and Peruvian río Napo system. Vertebrate Zoology, 63, 171-181.

Russell, D. J., Thuesen, P. A., & Small, F. E. (2012). Tilapia in Australia–Development of management strategies for the control and eradication of feral tilapia populations in Australia. Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre.

Rytwinski, T., Taylor, J. J., Donaldson, L. A., Britton, J. R., Browne, D. R., Gresswell, R. E., ... & Cooke, S. J. (2019). The effectiveness of non-native fish removal techniques in freshwater ecosystems: a systematic review. Environmental Reviews, 27(1), 71-94. https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2018-0049

Sánchez-Vázquez, F. J., & Fortes-Silva, R. (2021). Biology and aquaculture of tilapia (p. 20220124224). J. F. López-Olmeda (Ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.

Sastraprawira, S. M., Razak, I. H. A., Shahimi, S., Pati, S., Edinur, H. A., John, A. B., ... & Nelson, B. R. (2020). A review on introduced Cichla spp. and emerging concerns. Heliyon, 6(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05370

Schiemer, F. (2000). Fish as indicators for the assessment of the ecological integrity of large rivers. Hydrobiologia, 422(0), 271-278. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017086703551

Shechonge, A., Ngatunga, B. P., Bradbeer, S. J., Day, J. J., Freer, J. J., Ford, A. G., ... & Genner, M. J. (2019). Widespread colonisation of Tanzanian catchments by introduced Oreochromis tilapia fishes: the legacy from decades of deliberate introduction. Hydrobiologia, 832(1), 235-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3597-9

Shechonge, A., Ngatunga, B. P., Tamatamah, R., Bradbeer, S. J., Harrington, J., Ford, A. G., ... & Genner, M. J. (2018). Losing cichlid fish biodiversity: genetic and morphological homogenization of tilapia following colonization by introduced species. Conservation Genetics, 19(5), 1199-1209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-018-1088-1

Shuai, F., & Li, J. (2022). Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) invasion caused trophic structure disruptions of fish communities in the south China river—Pearl River. Biology, 11(11), 1665. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11111665

Siva, L. A., Kimura, R. S. Y., Brambilla, E. M., Silva, S. O., & Nogueira, M. G. (2023). Impacts of an urban flood control infrastructure on the limnology and ichthyofauna of a basaltic Cuesta stream (southeast Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 83, e276585. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.276585

Stauffer Jr, J. R., Chirwa, E. R., Jere, W., Konings, A. F., Tweddle, D., & Weyl, O. (2022). Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Teleostei: Cichlidae): a threat to native fishes of Lake Malawi?. Biological Invasions, 24(6), 1585-1597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-022-02756-z

Sunarto, A., Grimm, J., McColl, K. A., Ariel, E., Nair, K. K., Corbeil, S., ... & Holmes, B. (2022). Bioprospecting for biological control agents for invasive tilapia in Australia. Biological Control, 174, 105020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2022.105020

Suresh, A. V., & Lin, C. K. (1992). Tilapia culture in saline waters: a review. Aquaculture, 106(3-4), 201-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(92)90253-H

Tamario, C., Sunde, J., Petersson, E., Tibblin, P., & Forsman, A. (2019). Ecological and evolutionary consequences of environmental change and management actions for migrating fish. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 7, 271. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00271

Tedesco, P. A., Beauchard, O., Bigorne, R., Blanchet, S., Buisson, L., Conti, L., ... & Oberdorff, T. (2017). A global database on freshwater fish species occurrence in drainage basins. Scientific data, 4(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.141

Teem, J. L., Alphey, L., Descamps, S., Edgington, M. P., Edwards, O., Gemmell, N., ... & Roberts, A. (2020). Genetic biocontrol for invasive species. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 8, 452. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00452

Thomaz, S. M., Cardozo, A. L. P., Quirino, B. A., Yofukuji, K. Y., Aleixo, M. H. F., & Fugi, R. (2025). A review of the ecological role of aquatic macrophytes on freshwater fish. Hydrobiologia, 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-025-05819-z

Thorstensen, M. J., Vandervelde, C. A., Bugg, W. S., Michaleski, S., Vo, L., Mackey, T. E., ... & Jeffries, K. M. (2022). Non-lethal sampling supports integrative movement research in freshwater fish. Frontiers in Genetics, 13, 795355. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2022.795355

Tognelli, M. F., Anderson, E. P., Jiménez‐Segura, L. F., Chuctaya, J., Chocano, L., Maldonado‐Ocampo, J. A., ... & Villa‐Navarro, F. A. (2019). Assessing conservation priorities of endemic freshwater fishes in the Tropical Andes region. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 29(7), 1123-1132. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2971

Tonella, L. H., Ruaro, R., Daga, V. S., Garcia, D. A. Z., Vitorino, O. B., Lobato‐de Magalhães, T., ... & Carmassi, G. R. (2023). NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES: A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics. Ecology, 104(4), e3713. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3713

Torres Ch, G. (2013). Evaluación de especies invasoras acuáticas al interior del Golfo de Guayaquil: Caso de estudio sector camaronero en el 2011. Revista Universidad De Guayaquil, 116(2), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.53591/rug.v116i2.680

Vajargah, M. F. (2021). A review of the physiology and biology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). J Aquac Mar Biol, 10(5), 244-246.

Valladão, G. M. R., Gallani, S. U., & Pilarski, F. (2018). South American fish for continental aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture, 10(2), 351-369. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12164

Valverde Carache, X. A. (2023). Desarrollo de actividades acuícolas dentro del área protegida Reserva Ecológica Manglares de Churute en Ecuador. Universidad Externado de Colombia, Facultad de Derecho.

van der Sleen, P., & Albert, J. S. (2022). Patterns in freshwater fish diversity. Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, 26(3), 894-907.

Waldman, M., & Shevah, Y. (2000). Biological diversity—an overview. Environmental challenges, 299-310. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005268804246

Waldock, C., Wegscheider, B., Josi, D., Calegari, B. B., Brodersen, J., Jardim de Queiroz, L., & Seehausen, O. (2024). Deconstructing the geography of human impacts on species’ natural distribution. Nature Communications, 15(1), 8852. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52993-0

Williams‐Subiza, E. A., & Epele, L. B. (2021). Drivers of biodiversity loss in freshwater environments: A bibliometric analysis of the recent literature. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 31(9), 2469-2480. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3627

WOAH (2022). Infection with tilapia lake virus (TiLV) – a novel orthomyxo-like virus. En WOAH Technical Disease Card. El agente se clasificó como Tilapia tilapinevirus (ICTV, 2018); descrito por primera vez por Eyngor et al. (2014).

Xiong, W., Guo, C., Gozlan, R. E., & Liu, J. (2023). Tilapia introduction in China: Economic boom in aquaculture versus ecological threats to ecosystems. Reviews in Aquaculture, 15(1), 179-197. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12710

Xu, M., Li, S. P., Liu, C., Tedesco, P. A., Dick, J. T., Fang, M., ... & Mu, X. (2024). Global freshwater fish invasion linked to the presence of closely related species. Nature Communications, 15(1), 1411. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45736-8

Yearbook, F. A. O. F. A. O. (2019). Fishery and aquaculture statistics 2016. FAO: Rome, Italy.

Yongo, E., Zhang, P., Mutethya, E., Zhao, T., & Guo, Z. (2023). The invasion of tilapia in South China freshwater systems: A review. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management, 28(1), e12429. https://doi.org/10.1111/lre.12429

Yousefi, M., Jouladeh‐Roudbar, A., & Kafash, A. (2024). Mapping endemic freshwater fish richness to identify high‐priority areas for conservation: An ecoregion approach. Ecology and Evolution, 14(2), e10970. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.10970

Zengeya, T. A., Robertson, M. P., Booth, A. J., & Chimimba, C. T. (2013). A qualitative ecological risk assessment of the invasive Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus in a sub‐tropical African river system (Limpopo River, South Africa). Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 23(1), 51-64. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2258

Zhang, X., Mei, X., & Gulati, R. D. (2017). Effects of omnivorous tilapia on water turbidity and primary production dynamics in shallow lakes: implications for ecosystem management. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 27(1), 245-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-016-9458-6

Zhao, C., Shao, N., Yang, S., Ren, H., Ge, Y., Zhang, Z., ... & Yin, X. (2019). Integrated assessment of ecosystem health using multiple indicator species. Ecological Engineering, 130, 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.02.016

Zhou, L., Wang, G., Kuang, T., Guo, D., & Li, G. (2019). Fish assemblage in the Pearl River estuary: Spatial‐seasonal variation, environmental influence and trends over the past three decades. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 35(4), 884-895. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13912